Primary Differences Between 4 and 6
- Address size
- Address formatting
- IPv4 - Private Address Space (RFC 1918) is gone in v6
- IPv4 - Broadcast is gone in v6
Teaching Demonstration
Sable Cantus, CISSP
May 2nd, 2022
Prepared for the fine folks at
Mt. San Antonio College
Access this presentation on the web
ABOUT ME
- Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP)
- Worked in higher education IT for 16 years
- Taught in the classroom since 2009
- U.S. Army Veteran (5 years active)
- My Certificates and Training
Compare IPv4 and IPv6
- IP = Internet Protocol
- v4 = Version 4
- v6 = Version 6
The Internet Protocol Version 6 Draft standard was completed in December 1998 (RFC 2460)
- RFC = Request for Comment
1998 Was A Long Time Ago…
- Movie: Saving Private Ryan
- #1 singer: Madonna
- Google was formed 9/4/98
- The first iMac
Why Now?
- American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) ran out of IPv4 addresses on 9/24/2015
Address Size
- IPv4 uses a 32-bit address
- 2^32 addresses (about 4 billion)
- 192.168.100.27
- IPv6 uses a 128-bit address
- 2^128 addresses (about 34 undecillion)
- 2603:8000:8803:f24:c6d:94fd:b8f0:a9a8
34 Trillion, Trillion, Trillion addresses
Address Format
- An IPv4 address is represented as 4 groups of 3 decimal digits (dotted quad)
- An IPv6 address is represented as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits
IPv6 Security
- IPv6 has integrated packet encryption
- Internet Protocol Security (IPsec)
IPv6 Subnetting
- The standard subnet is a /64
- 2^64 addressses (18.4 quintillion)
- Classless (it’s all /64)
- IPv4 subnet mask replaced with IPv6 Prefix Length
Gone are the days…
- Subnet start / end addresses
- Specifying usable addresses
- Null route
- Broadcast address
IPv6 Broadcast / Multicast
- IPv6 uses multicast and special addresses to send to the entire segment
- Link-local FF02::1 is analogous to 224.0.0.1
- No broadcast in IPv6
- Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP)
- Multicast addresses begin with FF00::/8
IPv6 restores true peer-to-peer connectivity originally in place with IPv4 making proper firewall controls even more important.
IPv6 Public / Private
- All IPv6 packets are routed without Network Address Translation (NAT)
- Endpoints can have multiple IPv6 primary addresses
- IPv6 has no private address space (e.g. RFC 1918)
- Entire IPv6 address space, globally, begins with 2001:
IPv6 Public / Private
- Unique local private address (not routed outside)
- FD00::/8
- IPv6 Link Local addresses begin with FE80::/10
- IPv4 Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) 169.254.0.0
Wrapping it Up
IPv6 is different from IPv4 in many ways, but it’s still the Internet Protocol and provides a reliable solution for the foreseeable future.